Thread: Teens - young people - students

Teens is a young age group of people.

Youth - a special social and age group, different age limits, and their status in society: the transition from childhood to adolescence and social responsibility. Some scientists youth understood as a set of young people that society provides the opportunity for social formation, providing them with benefits, but limiting the opportunities for active participation in certain spheres of society.

Age range, allowing people to refer to young people vary from country to country.

Content:

A youth in the modern world
2 Youth as a specific social group
3 Young people in the Russian Federation
3.1 Youth and politics
3.2 Youth and ideals
3.3 Youth and socio-economic situation
3.4 Youth as a research object
4 Social groups within the Russian youth
4.1 The student youth
4.2 The working youth
5 Young people in the European Union
5.1 The student youth
5.2 Young Europeans in the labor market
6 Youth in U.S.
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 References

Young people in the modern world

According to the World report on the situation of young people in 2005, the number of young people in the world increased from 1.02 billion people (in 1995) to 1.15 billion (in 2005 .) At the moment, young people account for 18 percent of the world's population, 85 percent of youth of the world live in developing countries, of which 209 million are forced to exist on less than 1 dollar a day and 515 million are forced to settle for less than $ 2 a day.Currently, 10 million young people living with HIV / AIDS. Although the current generation of youth is the most educated of all previous human history, today 113 million children not in school - a figure quite comparable with the 130 millionth group of illiterate young men of the modern world.

Youth as a specific social group

Youth in large part has the level of mobility, intellectual activity and health, which distinguishes it from other groups. At the same time in front of any society is the need to minimize costs and losses incurred by the country due to problems associated with the socialization of young people and integrating them into a single economic, political and socio-cultural space.

German sociologist Karl Mannheim (1893-1947) has determined that the youth is a sort of reserve, to the fore when a recovery is necessary to adapt to rapidly changing qualitatively or new circumstances. Dynamic society, sooner or later have to step up and even organize them (the resources that are not in a traditional society are mobilized and are not integrated and often suppressed).

The youth, according to Mannheim, the function of animating a mediator of social life, this function is an important element of his involvement in an incomplete status of the society. This setting is universal and not limited to any place or time.The decisive factor that determines the age of puberty, is that in this age of young people entering into public life in modern society for the first time confronted with the chaos of antagonistic ratings.

Young people, according to Mannheim, neither progressive nor conservative by nature, it is - potency, ready for any undertaking.

Youth as a specific age and social group is always in his own perceived values ​​of a culture that gave rise to different times of youth slang and shocking forms of subculture. Their representatives were hippies, beatniks, dudes, in the USSR and post-Soviet space - informal people.

Youth in the Russian Federation


Today young people of Russia - is 39.6 million young people - 27% of the total population. In accordance with the Strategy of State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation of December 18, 2006 N 1760-p.

Youth and politics

Some studies show that young people generally apolitical. In the elections at the federal level involved less than half of young Russians, only 33 per cent of young people under the age of 35 years, interest in politics. The policy for young people is intensive enough, especially during election campaigns. As shown by the Russian experience, for the first time the active involvement of youth in the electoral process was tested in 1996 during the presidential election. In between elections the political activity of young people, tend to decline. Only 2.7 percent of young people take part in the activities of public organizations. Their activities are often limited to stocks, designed to attract media attention.

In the context of globalization and forced migration flows is intended to make young conductor ideology of tolerance, the development of Russian culture and the strengthening of intergenerational and interethnic relations. Currently, however, 35 percent of young people aged 18-35 experiencing irritation or hostility to the representatives of other nationalities, 51 percent would favor a decision to evict out of the region of some ethnic groups.

Youth and ideals

According to a survey conducted in July 2004, the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) young people aged 18-24 years is considered heroes of modern Russian youth pop and rock stars, representatives of the "golden" youth (52%), successful businessmen, oligarchs (42%), athletes (37%).

The absolute majority of respondents who believe that a healthy lifestyle depends more on the person's own efforts are based on the fact that the transformation of Russia into the country a healthy lifestyle will only ever in the distant future (65.9%).Symptomatic of modern Russia is that the number of respondents, in principle, do not believe in the fact that Russia will become a country of healthy lifestyles (22.4%) almost twice that of respondents who answered this question - "yes, and quite soon".

Young people and the socio-economic situation

Since 90-ies the number of young couples who are living without legal registration of marriage has increased to 3 million, which led to a real increase in illegitimate births and increase the number of single parent families.

One of the most pressing issues that confronts the youth and the community is housing. The challenges posed by an aging housing stock and poor hiring practices of housing, encourage the growth of prices and rents in the Russian Federation. Interest rates on mortgage loans remain inaccessible to young people. In this connection, noteworthy implementation of priority national project "Housing", in which provides housing subsidies for young families.

Youth as a research object

One of the first definitions of "youth" in sociology was given in 1968 by VT Lisowski:

Youth - a generation of people on the stage of socialization, assimilate, and in adulthood already mastered, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions

Youth as a distinct phase, a stage of life cycle biologically universal, but its specific age limits, the associated social status and socio-psychological characteristics are the socio-historical nature and are dependent on social structure, culture and typical patterns of socialization of this society.

Among the research of young people in recent years has begun to play a prominent role this branch of science as Juvenology. In some universities (eg RSCU) were discovered by the department Juvenology, which focus on learning and teaching integrated courses on youth as a phenomenon of modern society and technology, working with young people, as well as training in the field of youth policy.

Social groups within the Russian youth

Young students

Most secondary school students by the end of their plans to attend college, one in five - to and from work every seventh - in college. In the short-term almost as many young people intend to go to work. In the longer term plan to study at vocational schools only a few students.

The structure of the reception of all forms of higher education at the beginning of the XXI century was characterized by the following indicators: the economic profession made more than 27% of the total number enrolled on a course in engineering - 31%, agriculture - 4%, environmental - 1% of naturally and scientific - 5%, humanities - 18%, education - 6%, medicine - 3%, culture and art - 2%. In the state universities on the basis of full cost recovery in 1995 was taken 93.5 thousand man, in 2000 the figure rose to 553.5 thousand, which amounted to 48.5% of the total enrollment at the I course.

Working youth

In contrast to the young people of Western countries, the age of entry into adulthood is objectively increases, Russia's young people have to engage in socio-economic relations much earlier. Moreover, different sectors of the economy will take the young labor force is extremely uneven. And if in service and youth entrepreneurship is today and will be a significant percentage of workers in the social sphere of the public sector and state and municipal government share of young workers today is insignificant and will not be able to ensure continuity in the transfer of functions in the future.

The nature of labor in material production, the youth was distributed as follows: 89.8% employed, 2.7% owned business with paid labor, 2.2% are employed and have their own business, 2.5% involved self-employment activities , 5.5% in other activities (petty commerce, work in the personal subsidiary and household). That is, the vast majority of youth in the material production of hired labor.

Just over two per cent of young people own their own businesses, producing products that are employers. And about ten percent are engaged in small business.

In general, a well-educated young people in material production. 61.6% of employment in this area have not only the profession, and professional education, which confirms the high potential of reproduction of young people. factor in the reproduction of this sector. It is the main source of recruiting intellectuals, the core component of the middle class. Russian entrepreneurs hiring workers on average also give some preference to those in younger age groups. Moreover, if public employment (the vacancy announcement or contact the recruitment agencies), many employers stipulate that accept applications for employment only by persons under a certain age (usually 30 years). As a result, the whole of Russia at the present time work opportunities for young people is much greater than that of middle and older ages, despite the lack of experience of young people.

Youth in the European Union

Despite the fact that the European Union is vividly expressed the general world trend of aging population in developed countries, the Old World is still relatively young.

According to the report, the UN Children's Fund, four countries - Sweden, Britain, the Netherlands and Italy - were able to reduce juvenile mortality due to accidents.In these states, in the year killed at least 10 young men for every 100 thousand inhabitants younger than 19 years. In other countries this figure - 20 per 100 thousand. The study says that if all countries took the same drastic measures to prevent accidents among children and youth, such as Sweden, the year in the rich countries have been able to prevent 12 000 deaths.

Young students

In Sweden, higher education is free. However, the tangible costs associated with training and accommodation for students have to cover themselves. Just as in Russia, the Swedish students have certain advantages for transportation, museums, cinemas, discos, clubs and textbooks. Students from low-income families annually Swedish bank pays interest-free loan in the amount of 7200 SEK, equivalent to euro 720 euro. This may be sufficient for a modest existence: the purchase of textbooks each semester costs about 750-1000 euros, and stay in student rooms ranging from 2,000 to 3,000 crowns (depending on city).

Higher education in the UK is carried out on a fee basis. The tuition fee depends on the location of the university, the prestige or the chosen direction and training of 12 500 pounds per year. Upon admission to a college-town student is always a guaranteed place in the dormitory fee is in London is 70 pounds per week. New textbooks are an average of 50 pounds, and the price of textbooks, used can be 20 pounds. If a young man or woman wants to go to college to live separately from parents, based on a specific request the district administration provides a stipend, which is 3,000 pounds per year. Half of that money will be paid a separate apartment. Children from low-income or single parent families are also eligible for scholarships from the district administrations.The largest grant, you can get is 20,000 pounds. In addition, in the UK there is a practice of interest-free bank loans for training, payment of which begins with the first day of the devices for permanent work.

Young Europeans in the labor market

According to statistics from Eurostat as of June 2005, the level of youth unemployment in Austria over the last year rose 1 percent and now accounts for about 10 percent. With even higher rates of youth unemployment facing Hungary (16 percent), Slovakia (25 percent) and Slovenia (13 percent). Young people feel the ever-increasing pressure to join them to compete in a globalized labor market.However, as highlighted in the pages of the World report on the situation of young people, young people who are most flexible and appears to possess the greatest ability to enable them to adapt and seize new opportunities, which provides us with the process of globalization.

Young people in the U.S.

After the tumultuous 60s and 70s, when American youth as' the rebellious generation, "no one called the end of the last century and especially the beginning of the XXI century the younger generation has become more komformistskim, conformist than revolutionary.

In the United States among young people are problems of drug use, youth crime, unemployment, racial discrimination, the situation of young migrants, but the intensity of these problems is relatively lower than a decade ago.

Thus, in the United States after the adoption of the 1994 law "On the control of violent crime" has been for over ten years there is steady decrease in absolute and relative rates of juvenile delinquency - in some years up to 11 percent or more. This decline comes amid increasing proportion of the objective of minors in the age structure of the American population. In the U.S. today there are over 300 programs to support and protect young people.

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Youth - a generation of people on the stage of socialization, assimilate, and in adulthood already mastered, educational, professional,
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